Home › Linux › Linux for Beginners, episode 4
Linux Package Managers: apt vs Snap vs Flatpak
apt, Snap and Flatpak compared on a real Ubuntu 24.04 machine: where each one gets its apps, why apt's GIMP is a version behind, how much disk each install really uses, how each sandbox works (tested), and how each one updates. Plus a simple rule for which one to use.
Three ways to install
Linux gives you three ways to install the same app: apt, Snap and Flatpak. Which one should you use? Ana installed GIMP, the free image editor, all three ways on her Ubuntu laptop. apt gave her version 2.10.36. Snap gave her 3.2.6. Flatpak, 3.2.6 as well. Same app, same laptop, and one of them is a whole version behind.
gimp --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 2.10.36
snap run gimp --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 3.2.6
flatpak run org.gimp.GIMP --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 3.2.6
So why would one laptop get different versions of the same app? Because each one gets its apps from a different place. apt installs packages from Ubuntu's own archive, its official collection of software. Snap installs bundles from the Snap Store. Flatpak installs apps from Flathub. We'll see how each one works, then compare them in four rounds: versions, disk space, the sandbox, and updates. And at the end, a simple rule for which one to use.
What a package manager does
First, what is a package manager? It's an app store you use from the terminal. You name an app, and it finds the app in an online store, downloads it, installs it, and later keeps it up to date. It also brings the app's dependencies: other pieces of code the app needs to run, like the library that draws its windows and buttons. A package is the app, plus a list of what it needs.
apt: Ubuntu's own packages
apt is the oldest of the three, and the whole Ubuntu system is installed with it. The Ubuntu project builds every package in its archive, and tests them together for each release. Apps share their dependencies: one copy of a library on the disk serves every app that needs it. That keeps the system small and consistent, but every app has to work with the same versions of those libraries.
Here's Ana's terminal. sudo apt update downloads the latest list of packages; Ana types her own password, as in episode three. apt policy gimp shows which version apt would install: 2.10.36. Then sudo apt install gimp. apt adds 217 packages, GIMP and everything it needs: 662 megabytes. And gimp dash dash version confirms it.
sudo apt update[sudo] password for ana: Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB] Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages [1146 kB] Hit:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main Translation-en [231 kB] Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Components [46.4 kB] Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages [1223 kB] Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe Translation-en [246 kB] Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Components [76.3 kB] Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [24.2 kB] Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [45.4 kB] Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse Translation-en [12.1 kB] Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Components [208 B] Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [468 B] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease [126 kB] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease [126 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages [15.0 MB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe Translation-en [5982 kB] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Components [3871 kB] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [301 kB] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Packages [269 kB] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse Translation-en [118 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Components [35.0 kB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [8328 B] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages [1401 kB] Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main Translation-en [310 kB] Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Components [181 kB] Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1707 kB] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe Translation-en [343 kB] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Components [388 kB] Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [34.9 kB] Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [50.7 kB] Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse Translation-en [14.3 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Components [940 B] Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [656 B] Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Packages [40.6 kB] Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main Translation-en [9172 B] Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Components [5764 B] Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [368 B] Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Packages [31.0 kB] Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe Translation-en [18.6 kB] Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Components [12.6 kB] Get:42 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [1588 B] Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/restricted amd64 Components [212 B] Get:44 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B] Get:45 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages [748 B] Get:46 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse Translation-en [340 B] Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse amd64 Components [212 B] Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B] Fetched 33.6 MB in 5s (7091 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done 18 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
apt policy gimpgimp: Installed: (none) Candidate: 2.10.36-3ubuntu0.24.04.1 Version table: 2.10.36-3ubuntu0.24.04.1 500 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages 2.10.36-3build3 500 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages
sudo apt install -y gimpReading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-common cpp cpp-13 cpp-13-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp-x86-64-linux-gnu fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core fonts-dejavu-mono fonts-droid-fallback fonts-liberation fonts-liberation-sans-narrow fonts-liberation2 fonts-noto-mono fonts-urw-base35 gcc-13-base ghostscript gimp-data graphviz gtk-update-icon-cache hicolor-icon-theme humanity-icon-theme libaa1 libamd3 libann0 libaom3 libatk1.0-0t64 libauthen-sasl-perl libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbabl-0.1-0 libblas3 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcamd3 libccolamd3 libcdt5 libcgraph6 libcholmod5 libclone-perl libcolamd3 libcups2t64 libdata-dump-perl libdatrie1 libdeflate0 libdrm-intel1 libegl-mesa0 libegl1 libencode-locale-perl libexiv2-27 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfont-afm-perl libfontconfig1 libfontenc1 libfreetype6 libgail-common libgail18t64 libgbm1 libgd3 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgegl-0.4-0t64 libgegl-common libgexiv2-2 libgfortran5 libgimp2.0t64 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libgles2 libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgomp1 libgraphite2-3 libgs-common libgs10 libgs10-common libgtk2.0-0t64 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgts-0.7-5t64 libgts-bin libgvc6 libgvpr2 libharfbuzz0b libheif-plugin-aomdec libheif-plugin-aomenc libheif1 libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhwy1t64 libice6 libidn12 libijs-0.35 libimath-3-1-29t64 libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libio-stringy-perl libipc-system-simple-perl libisl23 libjbig0 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libjxl0.7 liblab-gamut1 liblapack3 liblcms2-2 liblerc4 libllvm20 libltdl7 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmailtools-perl libmng2 libmpc3 libmypaint-1.5-1 libmypaint-common libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libopenexr-3-1-30 libopenjp2-7 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpathplan4 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpoppler-glib8t64 libpoppler134 libraw23t64 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsharpyuv0 libsm6 libsuitesparseconfig7 libthai-data libthai0 libtie-ixhash-perl libtiff6 libtimedate-perl libtry-tiny-perl libumfpack6 liburi-perl libvulkan1 libwayland-client0 libwebp7 libwebpdemux2 libwebpmux3 libwmf-0.2-7 libwmflite-0.2-7 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-protocol-perl libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpathengine-perl libxmu6 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6t64 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 mesa-libgallium mesa-vulkan-drivers perl-openssl-defaults poppler-data ubuntu-mono x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils xdg-utils xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils zutty Suggested packages: cpp-doc gcc-13-locales cpp-13-doc fonts-noto fonts-freefont-otf | fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-texgyre texlive-binaries gimp-help-en | gimp-help gimp-data-extras gvfs-backends libasound2 gsfonts graphviz-doc libdigest-hmac-perl libgssapi-perl cups-common exiv2 libgd-tools gvfs libheif-plugin-libde265 libheif-plugin-x265 libheif-plugin-ffmpegdec libheif-plugin-jpegdec libheif-plugin-jpegenc libheif-plugin-j2kdec libheif-plugin-j2kenc libheif-plugin-rav1e libheif-plugin-svtenc libio-compress-brotli-perl liblcms2-utils libcrypt-ssleay-perl librsvg2-bin libsub-name-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libregexp-ipv6-perl libwmf-0.2-7-gtk libauthen-ntlm-perl libunicode-map8-perl libunicode-string-perl xml-twig-tools debhelper poppler-utils fonts-japanese-mincho | fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-japanese-gothic | fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-arphic-ukai fonts-arphic-uming fonts-nanum mesa-utils nickle cairo-5c xorg-docs-core Recommended packages: luit The following NEW packages will be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-common cpp cpp-13 cpp-13-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp-x86-64-linux-gnu fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core fonts-dejavu-mono fonts-droid-fallback fonts-liberation fonts-liberation-sans-narrow fonts-liberation2 fonts-noto-mono fonts-urw-base35 gcc-13-base ghostscript gimp gimp-data graphviz gtk-update-icon-cache hicolor-icon-theme humanity-icon-theme libaa1 libamd3 libann0 libaom3 libatk1.0-0t64 libauthen-sasl-perl libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbabl-0.1-0 libblas3 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcamd3 libccolamd3 libcdt5 libcgraph6 libcholmod5 libclone-perl libcolamd3 libcups2t64 libdata-dump-perl libdatrie1 libdeflate0 libdrm-intel1 libegl-mesa0 libegl1 libencode-locale-perl libexiv2-27 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfont-afm-perl libfontconfig1 libfontenc1 libfreetype6 libgail-common libgail18t64 libgbm1 libgd3 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgegl-0.4-0t64 libgegl-common libgexiv2-2 libgfortran5 libgimp2.0t64 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libgles2 libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgomp1 libgraphite2-3 libgs-common libgs10 libgs10-common libgtk2.0-0t64 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgts-0.7-5t64 libgts-bin libgvc6 libgvpr2 libharfbuzz0b libheif-plugin-aomdec libheif-plugin-aomenc libheif1 libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhwy1t64 libice6 libidn12 libijs-0.35 libimath-3-1-29t64 libio-html-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libio-stringy-perl libipc-system-simple-perl libisl23 libjbig0 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libjxl0.7 liblab-gamut1 liblapack3 liblcms2-2 liblerc4 libllvm20 libltdl7 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmailtools-perl libmng2 libmpc3 libmypaint-1.5-1 libmypaint-common libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libopenexr-3-1-30 libopenjp2-7 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpathplan4 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpoppler-glib8t64 libpoppler134 libraw23t64 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsharpyuv0 libsm6 libsuitesparseconfig7 libthai-data libthai0 libtie-ixhash-perl libtiff6 libtimedate-perl libtry-tiny-perl libumfpack6 liburi-perl libvulkan1 libwayland-client0 libwebp7 libwebpdemux2 libwebpmux3 libwmf-0.2-7 libwmflite-0.2-7 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-protocol-perl libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpathengine-perl libxmu6 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6t64 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 mesa-libgallium mesa-vulkan-drivers perl-openssl-defaults poppler-data ubuntu-mono x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils xdg-utils xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils zutty 0 upgraded, 217 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded. Need to get 150 MB of archives. After this operation, 662 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-droid-fallback all 1:6.0.1r16-1.1build1 [1805 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 poppler-data all 0.4.12-1 [2060 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common all 2.42.10+dfsg-3ubuntu3.3 [8302 B] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libjpeg-turbo8 amd64 2.1.5-2ubuntu2 [150 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libjpeg8 amd64 8c-2ubuntu11 [2148 B] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libdeflate0 amd64 1.19-1build1.1 [43.9 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libjbig0 amd64 2.1-6.1ubuntu2 [29.7 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liblerc4 amd64 4.0.0+ds-4ubuntu2 [179 kB] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsharpyuv0 amd64 1.3.2-0.4build3 [15.8 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwebp7 amd64 1.3.2-0.4build3 [230 kB] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libtiff6 amd64 4.5.1+git230720-4ubuntu2.5 [200 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 amd64 2.42.10+dfsg-3ubuntu3.3 [147 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gtk-update-icon-cache amd64 3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3 [51.9 kB] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 hicolor-icon-theme all 0.17-2 [9976 B] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 humanity-icon-theme all 0.6.16 [1282 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 ubuntu-mono all 24.04-0ubuntu1 [151 kB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 adwaita-icon-theme all 46.0-1 [723 kB] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 at-spi2-common all 2.52.0-1build1 [8674 B] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gcc-13-base amd64 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1 [51.6 kB] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libisl23 amd64 0.26-3build1.1 [680 kB] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libmpc3 amd64 1.3.1-1build1.1 [54.6 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 cpp-13-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1 [10.7 MB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 cpp-13 amd64 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1 [1042 B] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 cpp-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 4:13.2.0-7ubuntu1 [5326 B] Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 cpp amd64 4:13.2.0-7ubuntu1 [22.4 kB] Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libfreetype6 amd64 2.13.2+dfsg-1ubuntu0.2 [403 kB] Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-mono all 2.37-8 [502 kB] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-core all 2.37-8 [835 kB] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-liberation all 1:2.1.5-3 [1603 kB] Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfontenc1 amd64 1:1.1.8-1build1 [14.0 kB] Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 x11-common all 1:7.7+23ubuntu3 [21.7 kB] Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 xfonts-encodings all 1:1.0.5-0ubuntu2 [578 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 xfonts-utils amd64 1:7.7+6build3 [94.4 kB] Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-urw-base35 all 20200910-8 [11.0 MB] Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fontconfig-config amd64 2.15.0-1.1ubuntu2 [37.3 kB] Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfontconfig1 amd64 2.15.0-1.1ubuntu2 [139 kB] Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fontconfig amd64 2.15.0-1.1ubuntu2 [180 kB] Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-liberation-sans-narrow all 1:1.07.6-4 [197 kB] Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 fonts-liberation2 all 1:2.1.5-3 [3418 B] Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 fonts-noto-mono all 20201225-2 [435 kB] Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgs-common all 10.02.1~dfsg1-0ubuntu7.10 [176 kB] Get:42 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgs10-common all 10.02.1~dfsg1-0ubuntu7.10 [488 kB] Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libavahi-common-data amd64 0.8-13ubuntu6.2 [30.1 kB] Get:44 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libavahi-common3 amd64 0.8-13ubuntu6.2 [23.4 kB] Get:45 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libavahi-client3 amd64 0.8-13ubuntu6.2 [26.8 kB] Get:46 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libcups2t64 amd64 2.4.7-1.2ubuntu7.14 [274 kB] Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libidn12 amd64 1.42-1ubuntu0.1 [56.1 kB] Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libijs-0.35 amd64 0.35-15.1build1 [15.3 kB] Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libjbig2dec0 amd64 0.20-1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [65.2 kB] Get:50 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libopenjp2-7 amd64 2.5.0-2ubuntu0.5 [174 kB] Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpaper1 amd64 1.1.29build1 [13.4 kB] Get:52 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libice6 amd64 2:1.0.10-1build3 [41.4 kB] Get:53 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsm6 amd64 2:1.2.3-1build3 [15.7 kB] Get:54 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxt6t64 amd64 1:1.2.1-1.2build1 [171 kB] Get:55 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgs10 amd64 10.02.1~dfsg1-0ubuntu7.10 [3900 kB] Get:56 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 ghostscript amd64 10.02.1~dfsg1-0ubuntu7.10 [43.4 kB] Get:57 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 liblcms2-2 amd64 2.14-2ubuntu0.1 [161 kB] Get:58 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libbabl-0.1-0 amd64 1:0.1.108-1 [456 kB] Get:59 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpixman-1-0 amd64 0.42.2-1build1 [279 kB] Get:60 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-render0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [16.2 kB] Get:61 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-shm0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [5756 B] Get:62 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxrender1 amd64 1:0.9.10-1.1build1 [19.0 kB] Get:63 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcairo2 amd64 1.18.0-3build1 [566 kB] Get:64 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgomp1 amd64 14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04.1 [148 kB] Get:65 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libimath-3-1-29t64 amd64 3.1.9-3.1ubuntu2 [72.2 kB] Get:66 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libopenexr-3-1-30 amd64 3.1.5-5.1build3 [1004 kB] Get:67 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgraphite2-3 amd64 1.3.14-2ubuntu0.24.04.1 [73.4 kB] Get:68 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libharfbuzz0b amd64 8.3.0-2build2 [469 kB] Get:69 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libthai-data all 0.1.29-2build1 [158 kB] Get:70 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libdatrie1 amd64 0.2.13-3build1 [19.0 kB] Get:71 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libthai0 amd64 0.1.29-2build1 [18.9 kB] Get:72 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpango-1.0-0 amd64 1.52.1+ds-1build1 [231 kB] Get:73 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpangoft2-1.0-0 amd64 1.52.1+ds-1build1 [42.5 kB] Get:74 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpangocairo-1.0-0 amd64 1.52.1+ds-1build1 [28.8 kB] Get:75 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpoppler134 amd64 24.02.0-1ubuntu9.11 [1118 kB] Get:76 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpoppler-glib8t64 amd64 24.02.0-1ubuntu9.11 [156 kB] Get:77 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libraw23t64 amd64 0.21.2-2.1ubuntu0.24.04.2 [379 kB] Get:78 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcairo-gobject2 amd64 1.18.0-3build1 [127 kB] Get:79 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 librsvg2-2 amd64 2.58.0+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 [2141 kB] Get:80 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsuitesparseconfig7 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [12.9 kB] Get:81 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libamd3 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [27.2 kB] Get:82 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libblas3 amd64 3.12.0-3build1.1 [238 kB] Get:83 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libcamd3 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [23.8 kB] Get:84 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libccolamd3 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [25.9 kB] Get:85 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcolamd3 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [19.4 kB] Get:86 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgfortran5 amd64 14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04.1 [916 kB] Get:87 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 liblapack3 amd64 3.12.0-3build1.1 [2646 kB] Get:88 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libcholmod5 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [667 kB] Get:89 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libumfpack6 amd64 1:7.6.1+dfsg-1build1 [268 kB] Get:90 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libgegl-common all 1:0.4.48-2.4build2 [837 kB] Get:91 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libgegl-0.4-0t64 amd64 1:0.4.48-2.4build2 [1983 kB] Get:92 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libexiv2-27 amd64 0.27.6-1ubuntu0.3 [839 kB] Get:93 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgexiv2-2 amd64 0.14.2-2build3 [78.6 kB] Get:94 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk2.0-common all 2.24.33-4ubuntu1.1 [127 kB] Get:95 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libatk1.0-0t64 amd64 2.52.0-1build1 [55.3 kB] Get:96 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcomposite1 amd64 1:0.4.5-1build3 [6320 B] Get:97 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxfixes3 amd64 1:6.0.0-2build1 [10.8 kB] Get:98 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcursor1 amd64 1:1.2.1-1build1 [20.7 kB] Get:99 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxdamage1 amd64 1:1.1.6-1build1 [6150 B] Get:100 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxi6 amd64 2:1.8.1-1build1 [32.4 kB] Get:101 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxinerama1 amd64 2:1.1.4-3build1 [6396 B] Get:102 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxrandr2 amd64 2:1.5.2-2build1 [19.7 kB] Get:103 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk2.0-0t64 amd64 2.24.33-4ubuntu1.1 [2006 kB] Get:104 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libgimp2.0t64 amd64 2.10.36-3ubuntu0.24.04.1 [898 kB] Get:105 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 gimp-data all 2.10.36-3ubuntu0.24.04.1 [14.3 MB] Get:106 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libann0 amd64 1.1.2+doc-9build1 [25.5 kB] Get:107 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libcdt5 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [21.6 kB] Get:108 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libcgraph6 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [44.6 kB] Get:109 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libaom3 amd64 3.8.2-2ubuntu0.2 [1942 kB] Get:110 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libheif-plugin-aomdec amd64 1.17.6-1ubuntu4.9 [11.9 kB] Get:111 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libheif1 amd64 1.17.6-1ubuntu4.9 [277 kB] Get:112 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libxpm4 amd64 1:3.5.17-1ubuntu0.24.04.2 [36.7 kB] Get:113 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgd3 amd64 2.3.3-9ubuntu5 [128 kB] Get:114 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libgts-0.7-5t64 amd64 0.7.6+darcs121130-5.2build1 [161 kB] Get:115 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libltdl7 amd64 2.4.7-7build1 [40.3 kB] Get:116 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libpathplan4 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [24.0 kB] Get:117 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libgvc6 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [716 kB] Get:118 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libgvpr2 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [187 kB] Get:119 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 liblab-gamut1 amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [1886 kB] Get:120 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxmu6 amd64 2:1.1.3-3build2 [47.6 kB] Get:121 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxaw7 amd64 2:1.0.14-1build2 [187 kB] Get:122 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 graphviz amd64 2.42.2-9ubuntu0.1 [642 kB] Get:123 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 xdg-utils all 1.1.3-4.1ubuntu3 [62.0 kB] Get:124 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libaa1 amd64 1.4p5-51.1 [49.9 kB] Get:125 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libhwy1t64 amd64 1.0.7-8.1build1 [584 kB] Get:126 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libjxl0.7 amd64 0.7.0-10.2ubuntu6.1 [1001 kB] Get:127 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libmng2 amd64 2.0.3+dfsg-4build1 [188 kB] Get:128 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libmypaint-common all 1.6.0-2build2 [156 kB] Get:129 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libmypaint-1.5-1 amd64 1.6.0-2build2 [54.7 kB] Get:130 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwebpdemux2 amd64 1.3.2-0.4build3 [12.4 kB] Get:131 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwebpmux3 amd64 1.3.2-0.4build3 [25.7 kB] Get:132 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwmflite-0.2-7 amd64 0.2.13-1.1build3 [68.6 kB] Get:133 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwmf-0.2-7 amd64 0.2.13-1.1build3 [92.0 kB] Get:134 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 gimp amd64 2.10.36-3ubuntu0.24.04.1 [4680 kB] Get:135 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libclone-perl amd64 0.46-1build3 [10.7 kB] Get:136 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libdata-dump-perl all 1.25-1 [25.9 kB] Get:137 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpciaccess0 amd64 0.17-3ubuntu0.24.04.3 [19.2 kB] Get:138 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libdrm-intel1 amd64 2.4.125-1ubuntu0.1~24.04.2 [63.9 kB] Get:139 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libllvm20 amd64 1:20.1.2-0ubuntu1~24.04.3 [30.6 MB] Get:140 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libx11-xcb1 amd64 2:1.8.7-1ubuntu0.1 [7796 B] Get:141 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-dri3-0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [7142 B] Get:142 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-present0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [5676 B] Get:143 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-randr0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [17.9 kB] Get:144 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-sync1 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [9312 B] Get:145 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-xfixes0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [10.2 kB] Get:146 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxshmfence1 amd64 1.3-1build5 [4764 B] Get:147 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mesa-libgallium amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [10.8 MB] Get:148 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgbm1 amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [34.2 kB] Get:149 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwayland-client0 amd64 1.22.0-2.1build1 [26.4 kB] Get:150 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libegl-mesa0 amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [117 kB] Get:151 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-3 [11.6 kB] Get:152 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libipc-system-simple-perl all 1.30-2 [22.3 kB] Get:153 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfile-basedir-perl all 0.09-2 [14.4 kB] Get:154 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liburi-perl all 5.27-1 [88.0 kB] Get:155 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfile-desktopentry-perl all 0.22-3 [16.8 kB] Get:156 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3300-2 [34.0 kB] Get:157 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.06-1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [10.6 kB] Get:158 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfile-listing-perl all 6.16-1 [11.3 kB] Get:159 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfile-mimeinfo-perl all 0.34-1 [42.1 kB] Get:160 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfont-afm-perl all 1.20-4 [13.0 kB] Get:161 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgail18t64 amd64 2.24.33-4ubuntu1.1 [15.9 kB] Get:162 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgail-common amd64 2.24.33-4ubuntu1.1 [126 kB] Get:163 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin amd64 2.42.10+dfsg-3ubuntu3.3 [13.9 kB] Get:164 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libvulkan1 amd64 1.3.275.0-1build1 [142 kB] Get:165 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [38.0 kB] Get:166 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-glx0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [24.8 kB] Get:167 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxxf86vm1 amd64 1:1.1.4-1build4 [9282 B] Get:168 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libglx-mesa0 amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [110 kB] Get:169 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk2.0-bin amd64 2.24.33-4ubuntu1.1 [7954 B] Get:170 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libgts-bin amd64 0.7.6+darcs121130-5.2build1 [44.0 kB] Get:171 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libheif-plugin-aomenc amd64 1.17.6-1ubuntu4.9 [14.7 kB] Get:172 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.20-6 [11.3 kB] Get:173 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libhtml-parser-perl amd64 3.81-1ubuntu0.1 [86.0 kB] Get:174 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libio-html-perl all 1.004-3 [15.9 kB] Get:175 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.04-2 [20.1 kB] Get:176 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-message-perl all 6.45-1ubuntu1 [78.2 kB] Get:177 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-form-perl all 6.11-1 [32.1 kB] Get:178 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-tree-perl all 5.07-3 [200 kB] Get:179 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-format-perl all 2.16-2 [36.9 kB] Get:180 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-cookies-perl all 6.11-1 [18.2 kB] Get:181 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libhttp-daemon-perl all 6.16-1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [22.8 kB] Get:182 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-negotiate-perl all 6.01-2 [12.4 kB] Get:183 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 perl-openssl-defaults amd64 7build3 [6626 B] Get:184 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libnet-ssleay-perl amd64 1.94-1build4 [316 kB] Get:185 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libio-socket-ssl-perl all 2.085-1 [195 kB] Get:186 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libio-stringy-perl all 2.111-3 [55.8 kB] Get:187 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libnet-http-perl all 6.23-1 [22.3 kB] Get:188 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtry-tiny-perl all 0.31-2 [20.8 kB] Get:189 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwww-robotrules-perl all 6.02-1 [12.6 kB] Get:190 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libwww-perl all 6.76-1ubuntu0.1 [139 kB] Get:191 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liblwp-protocol-https-perl all 6.13-1 [9006 B] Get:192 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libnet-smtp-ssl-perl all 1.04-2 [6218 B] Get:193 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libmailtools-perl all 2.21-2 [80.4 kB] Get:194 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libxml-parser-perl amd64 2.47-1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [204 kB] Get:195 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxml-twig-perl all 1:3.52-2 [158 kB] Get:196 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libnet-dbus-perl amd64 1.2.0-2build3 [165 kB] Get:197 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libpaper-utils amd64 1.1.29build1 [8650 B] Get:198 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 librsvg2-common amd64 2.58.0+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 [11.8 kB] Get:199 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtie-ixhash-perl all 1.23-4 [11.3 kB] Get:200 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libx11-protocol-perl all 0.56-9 [122 kB] Get:201 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxcb-shape0 amd64 1.15-1ubuntu2 [6100 B] Get:202 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxft2 amd64 2.3.6-1build1 [45.3 kB] Get:203 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxkbfile1 amd64 1:1.1.0-1build4 [70.0 kB] Get:204 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxml-xpathengine-perl all 0.14-2 [32.6 kB] Get:205 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libxtst6 amd64 2:1.2.3-1.1ubuntu0.1 [12.6 kB] Get:206 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxv1 amd64 2:1.0.11-1.1build1 [10.7 kB] Get:207 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libxxf86dga1 amd64 2:1.1.5-1build1 [11.6 kB] Get:208 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mesa-vulkan-drivers amd64 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 [17.5 MB] Get:209 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libglvnd0 amd64 1.7.0-1build1 [69.6 kB] Get:210 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libglx0 amd64 1.7.0-1build1 [38.6 kB] Get:211 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgl1 amd64 1.7.0-1build1 [102 kB] Get:212 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 x11-utils amd64 7.7+6build2 [189 kB] Get:213 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 x11-xserver-utils amd64 7.7+10build2 [169 kB] Get:214 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libegl1 amd64 1.7.0-1build1 [28.7 kB] Get:215 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgles2 amd64 1.7.0-1build1 [17.1 kB] Get:216 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 zutty amd64 0.14.8.20231210+dfsg1-1 [185 kB] Get:217 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libauthen-sasl-perl all 2.1700-1ubuntu0.1 [40.8 kB] Fetched 150 MB in 5s (29.1 MB/s) debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend will not work on a dumb terminal, an emacs shell buffer, or without a controlling terminal.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Extracting templates from packages: 100% Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package fonts-droid-fallback. (Reading database ... 37596 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../000-fonts-droid-fallback_1%3a6.0.1r16-1.1build1_all.deb ... Unpacking fonts-droid-fallback (1:6.0.1r16-1.1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package poppler-data. Preparing to unpack .../001-poppler-data_0.4.12-1_all.deb ... Unpacking poppler-data (0.4.12-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common. Preparing to unpack .../002-libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common_2.42.10+dfsg-3ubuntu3.3_all.deb ... Unpacking libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common (2.42.10+dfsg-3ubuntu3.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjpeg-turbo8:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../003-libjpeg-turbo8_2.1.5-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjpeg-turbo8:amd64 (2.1.5-2ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjpeg8:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../004-libjpeg8_8c-2ubuntu11_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjpeg8:amd64 (8c-2ubuntu11) ... 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Scanning processes... No services need to be restarted. No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries. No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
gimp --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 2.10.36
Snap: one bundle per app
Snap takes a different approach. The app's own developers, here the GIMP team, publish it in the Snap Store, which Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, runs. A snap is one compressed file holding the app and most of what it needs. Big shared pieces, like a base system and graphics drivers, come as separate snaps that other apps reuse. The snap service mounts each file like a read-only USB stick, and runs the app inside a sandbox: a fence around the app that limits what it can touch.
sudo snap install gimp. Version 3.2.6, from the GIMP team, with a check mark: the Snap Store has verified that publisher. More snaps came along with it: a base called core 24, graphics drivers, themes, and the GNOME libraries. Each one is a single compressed file in the snaps folder. GIMP's own is 141 megabytes.
sudo snap install gimpgimp 3.2.6 from GIMP team (gimp✓) installed
du -h /var/lib/snapd/snaps/*.snap4.0K /var/lib/snapd/snaps/bare_5.snap 67M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core24_2124.snap 141M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/gimp_561.snap 617M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-46-2404_177.snap 92M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/gtk-common-themes_1535.snap 402M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/mesa-2404_1839.snap 45M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_28254.snap
Now Ana has two GIMPs on one laptop. which dash a lists every gimp command she can run: the apt one in user bin, the system's folder for programs, and the snap in snap bin. Typing gimp starts the apt one, because that folder is searched first. To start the snap, she types snap run gimp. It's version 3.2.6.
which -a gimp/usr/bin/gimp /bin/gimp /snap/bin/gimp
snap run gimp --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 3.2.6
Flatpak: apps on a shared runtime
Flatpak is built for desktop apps, on any Linux. Its main store is Flathub, and many developers publish their apps there themselves. A Flatpak app is built on a runtime: a large, shared set of common libraries, like the GNOME Platform. The app itself ships only what's special to it. Apps on the same runtime share one copy of it, and each app runs in its own sandbox.
Ubuntu doesn't include Flatpak, so Ana installs it with apt, adds Flathub as a source, and logs out and back in, as Flatpak itself asks. Then sudo flatpak install flathub org dot gimp dot GIMP. Flatpak names apps like a web address, backwards. Look at what it downloads. GIMP itself: 102 megabytes. The GNOME runtime: 433. Plus graphics drivers and language files.
sudo apt install -y flatpakReading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf at-spi2-core bubblewrap dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service desktop-file-utils gsettings-desktop-schemas libasound2-data libasound2t64 libatk-bridge2.0-0t64 libatspi2.0-0t64 libavahi-glib1 libcolord2 libdconf1 libepoxy0 libgtk-3-0t64 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libmalcontent-0-0 libostree-1-1 libpipewire-0.3-0t64 libpipewire-0.3-common libspa-0.2-modules libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwebrtc-audio-processing1 p11-kit p11-kit-modules session-migration xdg-dbus-proxy xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk Suggested packages: avahi-daemon malcontent-gui alsa-utils libasound2-plugins colord gvfs pipewire accountsservice evince xdg-desktop-portal-gnome The following NEW packages will be installed: alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf at-spi2-core bubblewrap dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service desktop-file-utils flatpak gsettings-desktop-schemas libasound2-data libasound2t64 libatk-bridge2.0-0t64 libatspi2.0-0t64 libavahi-glib1 libcolord2 libdconf1 libepoxy0 libgtk-3-0t64 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libmalcontent-0-0 libostree-1-1 libpipewire-0.3-0t64 libpipewire-0.3-common libspa-0.2-modules libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwebrtc-audio-processing1 p11-kit p11-kit-modules session-migration xdg-dbus-proxy xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk 0 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded. Need to get 9572 kB of archives. After this operation, 36.5 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 alsa-topology-conf all 1.2.5.1-2 [15.5 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libasound2-data all 1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3 [21.4 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libasound2t64 amd64 1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3 [398 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 alsa-ucm-conf all 1.2.10-1ubuntu5.15 [70.5 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libatspi2.0-0t64 amd64 2.52.0-1build1 [80.5 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libdconf1 amd64 0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1 [39.6 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 dconf-service amd64 0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1 [27.6 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 dconf-gsettings-backend amd64 0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1 [22.1 kB] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 session-migration amd64 0.3.9build1 [9034 B] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gsettings-desktop-schemas all 46.1-0ubuntu1 [35.6 kB] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 at-spi2-core amd64 2.52.0-1build1 [56.6 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 bubblewrap amd64 0.9.0-1ubuntu0.3 [50.4 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 desktop-file-utils amd64 0.27-2build1 [53.8 kB] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 xdg-dbus-proxy amd64 0.1.5-1ubuntu0.2 [26.4 kB] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libmalcontent-0-0 amd64 0.11.1-1ubuntu1.3 [22.3 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libavahi-glib1 amd64 0.8-13ubuntu6.2 [8186 B] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libostree-1-1 amd64 2024.5-1build2 [373 kB] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 flatpak amd64 1.14.6-1ubuntu0.1 [1350 kB] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libatk-bridge2.0-0t64 amd64 2.52.0-1build1 [66.0 kB] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcolord2 amd64 1.4.7-1build2 [149 kB] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libepoxy0 amd64 1.5.10-1build1 [220 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwayland-cursor0 amd64 1.22.0-2.1build1 [10.4 kB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwayland-egl1 amd64 1.22.0-2.1build1 [5628 B] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-3-common all 3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3 [1426 kB] Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-3-0t64 amd64 3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3 [2913 kB] Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-3-bin amd64 3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3 [73.9 kB] Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwebrtc-audio-processing1 amd64 0.3.1-0ubuntu6 [290 kB] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libspa-0.2-modules amd64 1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3 [628 kB] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpipewire-0.3-0t64 amd64 1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3 [252 kB] Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpipewire-0.3-common all 1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3 [19.5 kB] Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 xdg-desktop-portal amd64 1.18.4-1ubuntu2.24.04.3 [307 kB] Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 xdg-desktop-portal-gtk amd64 1.15.1-1build2 [80.3 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 p11-kit-modules amd64 0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2 [329 kB] Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 p11-kit amd64 0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2 [141 kB] Fetched 9572 kB in 2s (5125 kB/s) debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend will not work on a dumb terminal, an emacs shell buffer, or without a controlling terminal.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Extracting templates from packages: 100% Selecting previously unselected package alsa-topology-conf. (Reading database ... 58963 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-alsa-topology-conf_1.2.5.1-2_all.deb ... Unpacking alsa-topology-conf (1.2.5.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libasound2-data. Preparing to unpack .../01-libasound2-data_1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3_all.deb ... Unpacking libasound2-data (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libasound2t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-libasound2t64_1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libasound2t64:amd64 (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package alsa-ucm-conf. Preparing to unpack .../03-alsa-ucm-conf_1.2.10-1ubuntu5.15_all.deb ... Unpacking alsa-ucm-conf (1.2.10-1ubuntu5.15) ... Selecting previously unselected package libatspi2.0-0t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../04-libatspi2.0-0t64_2.52.0-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libatspi2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.52.0-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libdconf1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../05-libdconf1_0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libdconf1:amd64 (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package dconf-service. Preparing to unpack .../06-dconf-service_0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dconf-service (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package dconf-gsettings-backend:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-dconf-gsettings-backend_0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dconf-gsettings-backend:amd64 (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package session-migration. Preparing to unpack .../08-session-migration_0.3.9build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking session-migration (0.3.9build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package gsettings-desktop-schemas. Preparing to unpack .../09-gsettings-desktop-schemas_46.1-0ubuntu1_all.deb ... Unpacking gsettings-desktop-schemas (46.1-0ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package at-spi2-core. Preparing to unpack .../10-at-spi2-core_2.52.0-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking at-spi2-core (2.52.0-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package bubblewrap. Preparing to unpack .../11-bubblewrap_0.9.0-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking bubblewrap (0.9.0-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package desktop-file-utils. Preparing to unpack .../12-desktop-file-utils_0.27-2build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking desktop-file-utils (0.27-2build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package xdg-dbus-proxy. Preparing to unpack .../13-xdg-dbus-proxy_0.1.5-1ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking xdg-dbus-proxy (0.1.5-1ubuntu0.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libmalcontent-0-0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../14-libmalcontent-0-0_0.11.1-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmalcontent-0-0:amd64 (0.11.1-1ubuntu1.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libavahi-glib1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../15-libavahi-glib1_0.8-13ubuntu6.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libavahi-glib1:amd64 (0.8-13ubuntu6.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libostree-1-1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../16-libostree-1-1_2024.5-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libostree-1-1:amd64 (2024.5-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package flatpak. Preparing to unpack .../17-flatpak_1.14.6-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking flatpak (1.14.6-1ubuntu0.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libatk-bridge2.0-0t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../18-libatk-bridge2.0-0t64_2.52.0-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libatk-bridge2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.52.0-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcolord2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../19-libcolord2_1.4.7-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcolord2:amd64 (1.4.7-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libepoxy0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../20-libepoxy0_1.5.10-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libepoxy0:amd64 (1.5.10-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwayland-cursor0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../21-libwayland-cursor0_1.22.0-2.1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libwayland-cursor0:amd64 (1.22.0-2.1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwayland-egl1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../22-libwayland-egl1_1.22.0-2.1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libwayland-egl1:amd64 (1.22.0-2.1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgtk-3-common. Preparing to unpack .../23-libgtk-3-common_3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3_all.deb ... Unpacking libgtk-3-common (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgtk-3-0t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../24-libgtk-3-0t64_3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgtk-3-0t64:amd64 (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgtk-3-bin. Preparing to unpack .../25-libgtk-3-bin_3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgtk-3-bin (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwebrtc-audio-processing1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../26-libwebrtc-audio-processing1_0.3.1-0ubuntu6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libwebrtc-audio-processing1:amd64 (0.3.1-0ubuntu6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libspa-0.2-modules:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../27-libspa-0.2-modules_1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libspa-0.2-modules:amd64 (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpipewire-0.3-0t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../28-libpipewire-0.3-0t64_1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpipewire-0.3-0t64:amd64 (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpipewire-0.3-common. Preparing to unpack .../29-libpipewire-0.3-common_1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3_all.deb ... Unpacking libpipewire-0.3-common (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package xdg-desktop-portal. Preparing to unpack .../30-xdg-desktop-portal_1.18.4-1ubuntu2.24.04.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking xdg-desktop-portal (1.18.4-1ubuntu2.24.04.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package xdg-desktop-portal-gtk. Preparing to unpack .../31-xdg-desktop-portal-gtk_1.15.1-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking xdg-desktop-portal-gtk (1.15.1-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package p11-kit-modules:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../32-p11-kit-modules_0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking p11-kit-modules:amd64 (0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package p11-kit. Preparing to unpack .../33-p11-kit_0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking p11-kit (0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libpipewire-0.3-common (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Setting up bubblewrap (0.9.0-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up session-migration (0.3.9build1) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/graphical-session-pre.target.wants/session-migration.service → /usr/lib/systemd/user/session-migration.service. Setting up desktop-file-utils (0.27-2build1) ... Setting up libwebrtc-audio-processing1:amd64 (0.3.1-0ubuntu6) ... Setting up libcolord2:amd64 (1.4.7-1build2) ... Setting up libdconf1:amd64 (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up libasound2-data (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up p11-kit-modules:amd64 (0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libasound2t64:amd64 (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libepoxy0:amd64 (1.5.10-1build1) ... Setting up libspa-0.2-modules:amd64 (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Setting up libatspi2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.52.0-1build1) ... Setting up xdg-dbus-proxy (0.1.5-1ubuntu0.2) ... Setting up alsa-topology-conf (1.2.5.1-2) ... Setting up libwayland-cursor0:amd64 (1.22.0-2.1build1) ... Setting up libavahi-glib1:amd64 (0.8-13ubuntu6.2) ... Setting up libwayland-egl1:amd64 (1.22.0-2.1build1) ... Setting up p11-kit (0.25.3-4ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libpipewire-0.3-0t64:amd64 (1.0.5-1ubuntu3.3) ... Setting up libmalcontent-0-0:amd64 (0.11.1-1ubuntu1.3) ... Setting up libatk-bridge2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.52.0-1build1) ... Setting up xdg-desktop-portal (1.18.4-1ubuntu2.24.04.3) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/graphical-session-pre.target.wants/xdg-desktop-portal-rewrite-launchers.service → /usr/lib/systemd/user/xdg-desktop-portal-rewrite-launchers.service. Setting up alsa-ucm-conf (1.2.10-1ubuntu5.15) ... Setting up libostree-1-1:amd64 (2024.5-1build2) ... Setting up dconf-service (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up flatpak (1.14.6-1ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up dconf-gsettings-backend:amd64 (0.40.0-4ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up libgtk-3-common (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Setting up gsettings-desktop-schemas (46.1-0ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.9) ... Processing triggers for dbus (1.14.10-4ubuntu4.1) ... Setting up libgtk-3-0t64:amd64 (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Setting up at-spi2-core (2.52.0-1build1) ... Setting up xdg-desktop-portal-gtk (1.15.1-1build2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.9) ... Setting up libgtk-3-bin (3.24.41-4ubuntu1.3) ... Scanning processes... No services need to be restarted. No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries. No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
sudo flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
sudo flatpak install -y flathub org.gimp.GIMP[sudo] password for ana: Looking for matches… Required runtime for org.gimp.GIMP/x86_64/stable (runtime/org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/51) found in remote flathub org.gimp.GIMP permissions: ipc network fallback-x11 wayland devices file access [1] dbus access [2] tags [3] [1] /tmp, host, xdg-config/GIMP:create, xdg-config/gtk-3.0:ro, xdg-run/gvfs, xdg-run/gvfsd [2] com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar, org.freedesktop.FileManager1, org.gnome.Shell.Screenshot, org.gtk.vfs.*, org.kde.kwin.Screenshot [3] GTK+3, stable ID Branch Op Remote Download 1. org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 26.08 i flathub < 150.5 MB 2. org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 26.08-extra i flathub < 150.5 MB 3. org.freedesktop.Platform.codecs-extra 26.08-extra i flathub < 15.7 MB 4. org.gnome.Platform.Locale 51 i flathub < 391.7 MB 5. org.gnome.Platform 51 i flathub < 432.7 MB 6. org.gimp.GIMP stable i flathub < 102.1 MB Installing 6/6… ████████████████████ 100% 15.9 MB/s 00:00
flatpak run starts GIMP: version 3.2.6, the same version as the snap. And flatpak list shows what's installed: the app, and the runtime it's built on.
flatpak run org.gimp.GIMP --versionGNU Image Manipulation Program version 3.2.6
flatpak list --columns=application,version,sizeApplication ID Version Installed size org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 26.2.5 469.8 MB org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 26.2.5 469.9 MB org.freedesktop.Platform.codecs-extra 45.6 MB org.gimp.GIMP 3.2.6 268.2 MB org.gnome.Platform 1.1 GB
Round 1: Versions
Round one: versions. Why is apt a whole version behind? Ubuntu 24.04 came out in April 2024, when GIMP 2.10 was the current version. For the life of a release, Ubuntu's packages get security and bug fixes, not new features, so nothing on Ana's system changes under her. GIMP 3 came out in March 2025. Snap and Flathub get new versions from the people who make them, so today, Ana has GIMP 3.2.
So this round depends on what you want. apt gives you the version Ubuntu tested with everything else: steady, and older. Snap and Flatpak give you what the developers ship: the newest features, sooner, and sometimes newer bugs.
Round 2: Disk space
Round two: disk space. We measured what each GIMP really added to Ana's disk, a little more than the estimate apt printed. apt added 690 MB. On a desktop it needs less, because many of its libraries are already there. Snap added 1.4 GB. Flatpak added 2.9 GB. Snap and Flatpak bring their own copies of shared libraries.
Now a second app, GNOME Calculator, installed all three ways. apt adds 81 more packages, 216 megabytes: the calculator uses newer libraries than GIMP 2.10, so there was little to share. The snap reuses the GNOME snap that GIMP brought along. And Flatpak downloads just the app, 2 megabytes: the GNOME runtime is already there.
sudo apt install -y gnome-calculatorReading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aspell aspell-en dictionaries-common docbook-xml emacsen-common enchant-2 glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs gvfs-common gvfs-daemons gvfs-libs hunspell-en-us libadwaita-1-0 libaspell15 libasyncns0 libatomic1 libavc1394-0 libcaca0 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcdparanoia0 libdv4t64 libenchant-2-2 libflac12t64 libgck-2-2 libgcr-4-4 libgraphene-1.0-0 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgtk-4-1 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-4-common libgtk-4-media-gstreamer libgtksourceview-5-0 libgtksourceview-5-common libhandy-1-0 libharfbuzz-icu0 libhunspell-1.7-0 libhyphen0 libiec61883-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0 libmanette-0.2-0 libmp3lame0 libmpg123-0t64 libogg0 libopus0 liborc-0.4-0t64 libproxy1v5 libpulse0 libraw1394-11 libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common libshout3 libsndfile1 libsoup-3.0-0 libsoup-3.0-common libspeex1 libtag1v5 libtag1v5-vanilla libtheora0 libtwolame0 libv4l-0t64 libv4lconvert0t64 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvpx9 libwavpack1 libwayland-server0 libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 libyelp0 sgml-data yelp yelp-xsl Suggested packages: aspell-doc spellutils wordlist docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-xsl docbook-defguide gvfs-backends hunspell openoffice.org-hunspell | openoffice.org-core libdv-bin oss-compat libenchant-2-voikko libvisual-0.4-plugins opus-tools pulseaudio libraw1394-doc speex gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-alsa perlsgml w3-recs opensp libxml2-utils The following NEW packages will be installed: aspell aspell-en dictionaries-common docbook-xml emacsen-common enchant-2 glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gnome-calculator gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs gvfs-common gvfs-daemons gvfs-libs hunspell-en-us libadwaita-1-0 libaspell15 libasyncns0 libatomic1 libavc1394-0 libcaca0 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcdparanoia0 libdv4t64 libenchant-2-2 libflac12t64 libgck-2-2 libgcr-4-4 libgraphene-1.0-0 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgtk-4-1 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-4-common libgtk-4-media-gstreamer libgtksourceview-5-0 libgtksourceview-5-common libhandy-1-0 libharfbuzz-icu0 libhunspell-1.7-0 libhyphen0 libiec61883-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0 libmanette-0.2-0 libmp3lame0 libmpg123-0t64 libogg0 libopus0 liborc-0.4-0t64 libproxy1v5 libpulse0 libraw1394-11 libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common libshout3 libsndfile1 libsoup-3.0-0 libsoup-3.0-common libspeex1 libtag1v5 libtag1v5-vanilla libtheora0 libtwolame0 libv4l-0t64 libv4lconvert0t64 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvpx9 libwavpack1 libwayland-server0 libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 libyelp0 sgml-data yelp yelp-xsl 0 upgraded, 81 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded. Need to get 56.1 MB of archives. After this operation, 216 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libaspell15 amd64 0.60.8.1-1build1 [323 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 emacsen-common all 3.0.5 [12.1 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 dictionaries-common all 1.29.7 [188 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 aspell amd64 0.60.8.1-1build1 [88.1 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 aspell-en all 2020.12.07-0-1 [303 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 sgml-data all 2.0.11+nmu1 [171 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 docbook-xml all 4.5-12 [74.6 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 hunspell-en-us all 1:2020.12.07-2 [280 kB] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhunspell-1.7-0 amd64 1.7.2+really1.7.2-10build3 [294 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libenchant-2-2 amd64 2.3.3-2build2 [51.4 kB] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 enchant-2 amd64 2.3.3-2build2 [13.0 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libproxy1v5 amd64 0.5.4-4build1 [26.5 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 glib-networking-common all 2.80.0-1build1 [6702 B] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 glib-networking-services amd64 2.80.0-1build1 [12.8 kB] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 glib-networking amd64 2.80.0-1build1 [64.1 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgraphene-1.0-0 amd64 1.10.8-3build2 [46.2 kB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcairo-script-interpreter2 amd64 1.18.0-3build1 [60.3 kB] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-4-common all 4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10 [1497 kB] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-4-1 amd64 4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10 [3295 kB] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libadwaita-1-0 amd64 1.5.0-1ubuntu2 [408 kB] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgtksourceview-5-common all 5.12.0-1build1 [282 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgtksourceview-5-0 amd64 5.12.0-1build1 [341 kB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libsoup-3.0-common all 3.4.4-5ubuntu0.9 [12.3 kB] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libsoup-3.0-0 amd64 3.4.4-5ubuntu0.9 [291 kB] Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gnome-calculator amd64 1:46.3-0ubuntu0.1 [440 kB] Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 liborc-0.4-0t64 amd64 1:0.4.38-1ubuntu0.1 [207 kB] Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 [862 kB] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 [214 kB] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gstreamer1.0-gl amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 [116 kB] Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcdparanoia0 amd64 3.10.2+debian-14build3 [48.5 kB] Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libogg0 amd64 1.3.5-3build1 [22.7 kB] Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libopus0 amd64 1.4-1build1 [208 kB] Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtheora0 amd64 1.1.1+dfsg.1-16.1build3 [211 kB] Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libvisual-0.4-0 amd64 0.4.2-2build1 [115 kB] Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libvorbis0a amd64 1.3.7-1build3 [97.6 kB] Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libvorbisenc2 amd64 1.3.7-1build3 [80.8 kB] Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 [721 kB] Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libraw1394-11 amd64 2.1.2-2build3 [26.2 kB] Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libavc1394-0 amd64 0.5.4-5build3 [15.4 kB] Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libcaca0 amd64 0.99.beta20-4ubuntu0.2 [209 kB] Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libdv4t64 amd64 1.0.0-17.1build1 [63.2 kB] Get:42 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libflac12t64 amd64 1.4.3+ds-2.1ubuntu2 [197 kB] Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu1.8 [34.3 kB] Get:44 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libiec61883-0 amd64 1.2.0-6build1 [24.5 kB] Get:45 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libmp3lame0 amd64 3.100-6build1 [142 kB] Get:46 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libmpg123-0t64 amd64 1.32.5-1ubuntu1.1 [169 kB] Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libasyncns0 amd64 0.8-6build4 [11.3 kB] Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libsndfile1 amd64 1.2.2-1ubuntu5.24.04.1 [209 kB] Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libpulse0 amd64 1:16.1+dfsg1-2ubuntu10.1 [292 kB] Get:50 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libspeex1 amd64 1.2.1-2ubuntu2.24.04.1 [59.6 kB] Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libshout3 amd64 2.4.6-1build2 [50.3 kB] Get:52 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtag1v5-vanilla amd64 1.13.1-1build1 [326 kB] Get:53 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtag1v5 amd64 1.13.1-1build1 [11.7 kB] Get:54 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtwolame0 amd64 0.4.0-2build3 [52.3 kB] Get:55 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libv4lconvert0t64 amd64 1.26.1-4build3 [87.6 kB] Get:56 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libv4l-0t64 amd64 1.26.1-4build3 [46.9 kB] Get:57 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libvpx9 amd64 1.14.0-1ubuntu2.3 [1143 kB] Get:58 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwavpack1 amd64 5.6.0-1build1 [84.6 kB] Get:59 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu1.8 [2236 kB] Get:60 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gstreamer1.0-x amd64 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 [85.1 kB] Get:61 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gvfs-common all 1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4 [14.3 kB] Get:62 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgck-2-2 amd64 4.2.0-5 [77.0 kB] Get:63 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libgcr-4-4 amd64 4.2.0-5 [192 kB] Get:64 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsecret-common all 0.21.4-1build3 [4962 B] Get:65 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsecret-1-0 amd64 0.21.4-1build3 [116 kB] Get:66 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gvfs-libs amd64 1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4 [108 kB] Get:67 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gvfs-daemons amd64 1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4 [116 kB] Get:68 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 gvfs amd64 1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4 [116 kB] Get:69 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04.1 [10.5 kB] Get:70 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-4-bin amd64 4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10 [3354 kB] Get:71 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libgtk-4-media-gstreamer amd64 4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10 [67.8 kB] Get:72 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhandy-1-0 amd64 1.8.3-1build2 [232 kB] Get:73 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libharfbuzz-icu0 amd64 8.3.0-2build2 [13.3 kB] Get:74 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhyphen0 amd64 2.8.8-7build3 [26.5 kB] Get:75 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0 amd64 2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [8156 kB] Get:76 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libmanette-0.2-0 amd64 0.2.7-1build2 [30.6 kB] Get:77 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwayland-server0 amd64 1.22.0-2.1build1 [33.9 kB] Get:78 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 amd64 2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [25.5 MB] Get:79 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libyelp0 amd64 42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2 [101 kB] Get:80 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 yelp-xsl all 42.1-2ubuntu0.24.04.1 [201 kB] Get:81 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 yelp amd64 42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2 [547 kB] Fetched 56.1 MB in 4s (15.5 MB/s) debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend will not work on a dumb terminal, an emacs shell buffer, or without a controlling terminal.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Extracting templates from packages: 100% Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package libaspell15:amd64. (Reading database ... 60282 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-libaspell15_0.60.8.1-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libaspell15:amd64 (0.60.8.1-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package emacsen-common. Preparing to unpack .../01-emacsen-common_3.0.5_all.deb ... Unpacking emacsen-common (3.0.5) ... Selecting previously unselected package dictionaries-common. Preparing to unpack .../02-dictionaries-common_1.29.7_all.deb ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/dict/words to /usr/share/dict/words.pre-dictionaries-common by dictionaries-common' Unpacking dictionaries-common (1.29.7) ... Selecting previously unselected package aspell. Preparing to unpack .../03-aspell_0.60.8.1-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking aspell (0.60.8.1-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package aspell-en. Preparing to unpack .../04-aspell-en_2020.12.07-0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking aspell-en (2020.12.07-0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sgml-data. Preparing to unpack .../05-sgml-data_2.0.11+nmu1_all.deb ... Unpacking sgml-data (2.0.11+nmu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package docbook-xml. Preparing to unpack .../06-docbook-xml_4.5-12_all.deb ... Unpacking docbook-xml (4.5-12) ... Selecting previously unselected package hunspell-en-us. Preparing to unpack .../07-hunspell-en-us_1%3a2020.12.07-2_all.deb ... Unpacking hunspell-en-us (1:2020.12.07-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libhunspell-1.7-0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../08-libhunspell-1.7-0_1.7.2+really1.7.2-10build3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libhunspell-1.7-0:amd64 (1.7.2+really1.7.2-10build3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libenchant-2-2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../09-libenchant-2-2_2.3.3-2build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libenchant-2-2:amd64 (2.3.3-2build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package enchant-2. Preparing to unpack .../10-enchant-2_2.3.3-2build2_amd64.deb ... 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Unpacking libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0:amd64 (2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libyelp0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../78-libyelp0_42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libyelp0:amd64 (42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package yelp-xsl. Preparing to unpack .../79-yelp-xsl_42.1-2ubuntu0.24.04.1_all.deb ... Unpacking yelp-xsl (42.1-2ubuntu0.24.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package yelp. Preparing to unpack .../80-yelp_42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking yelp (42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ... Setting up libcairo-script-interpreter2:amd64 (1.18.0-3build1) ... Setting up libcdparanoia0:amd64 (3.10.2+debian-14build3) ... Setting up libwayland-server0:amd64 (1.22.0-2.1build1) ... Setting up libraw1394-11:amd64 (2.1.2-2build3) ... Setting up libgck-2-2:amd64 (4.2.0-5) ... Setting up libproxy1v5:amd64 (0.5.4-4build1) ... Setting up libtag1v5-vanilla:amd64 (1.13.1-1build1) ... Setting up libharfbuzz-icu0:amd64 (8.3.0-2build2) ... Setting up libogg0:amd64 (1.3.5-3build1) ... Setting up libspeex1:amd64 (1.2.1-2ubuntu2.24.04.1) ... Setting up libcaca0:amd64 (0.99.beta20-4ubuntu0.2) ... Setting up libv4lconvert0t64:amd64 (1.26.1-4build3) ... Setting up libgcr-4-4:amd64 (4.2.0-5) ... Setting up libgtksourceview-5-common (5.12.0-1build1) ... Setting up libtwolame0:amd64 (0.4.0-2build3) ... Setting up libhyphen0:amd64 (2.8.8-7build3) ... Setting up libvisual-0.4-0:amd64 (0.4.2-2build1) ... Setting up libaspell15:amd64 (0.60.8.1-1build1) ... Setting up libmanette-0.2-0:amd64 (0.2.7-1build2) ... Setting up libsoup-3.0-common (3.4.4-5ubuntu0.9) ... Setting up libmpg123-0t64:amd64 (1.32.5-1ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up liborc-0.4-0t64:amd64 (1:0.4.38-1ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up emacsen-common (3.0.5) ... Setting up libopus0:amd64 (1.4-1build1) ... Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (14.2.0-4ubuntu2~24.04.1) ... Setting up libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.7-1build3) ... Setting up libdv4t64:amd64 (1.0.0-17.1build1) ... Setting up libv4l-0t64:amd64 (1.26.1-4build3) ... Setting up libvpx9:amd64 (1.14.0-1ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up libtag1v5:amd64 (1.13.1-1build1) ... Setting up libasyncns0:amd64 (0.8-6build4) ... Setting up libwavpack1:amd64 (5.6.0-1build1) ... Setting up libtheora0:amd64 (1.1.1+dfsg.1-16.1build3) ... Setting up sgml-data (2.0.11+nmu1) ... Setting up libflac12t64:amd64 (1.4.3+ds-2.1ubuntu2) ... Setting up libgtk-4-common (4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10) ... Setting up libhunspell-1.7-0:amd64 (1.7.2+really1.7.2-10build3) ... Setting up glib-networking-common (2.80.0-1build1) ... Setting up gvfs-common (1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4) ... Setting up libsecret-common (0.21.4-1build3) ... Setting up yelp-xsl (42.1-2ubuntu0.24.04.1) ... Setting up libmp3lame0:amd64 (3.100-6build1) ... Setting up libgraphene-1.0-0:amd64 (1.10.8-3build2) ... Setting up libvorbisenc2:amd64 (1.3.7-1build3) ... Setting up libhandy-1-0:amd64 (1.8.3-1build2) ... Setting up libiec61883-0:amd64 (1.2.0-6build1) ... Setting up libavc1394-0:amd64 (0.5.4-5build3) ... Setting up glib-networking-services (2.80.0-1build1) ... Setting up dictionaries-common (1.29.7) ... debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend will not work on a dumb terminal, an emacs shell buffer, or without a controlling terminal.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Setting up libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5) ... Setting up libsecret-1-0:amd64 (0.21.4-1build3) ... Setting up libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu1.8) ... Setting up libgstreamer-gl1.0-0:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5) ... Setting up libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0:amd64 (2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ... Setting up gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5) ... Setting up libshout3:amd64 (2.4.6-1build2) ... Setting up gvfs-libs:amd64 (1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4) ... Setting up aspell (0.60.8.1-1build1) ... Setting up hunspell-en-us (1:2020.12.07-2) ... Setting up libsndfile1:amd64 (1.2.2-1ubuntu5.24.04.1) ... Setting up glib-networking:amd64 (2.80.0-1build1) ... Setting up gstreamer1.0-gl:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5) ... Setting up gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5) ... Setting up libpulse0:amd64 (1:16.1+dfsg1-2ubuntu10.1) ... Setting up libenchant-2-2:amd64 (2.3.3-2build2) ... Setting up libsoup-3.0-0:amd64 (3.4.4-5ubuntu0.9) ... Setting up aspell-en (2020.12.07-0-1) ... Setting up enchant-2 (2.3.3-2build2) ... Setting up gvfs-daemons (1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4) ... Setting up gvfs:amd64 (1.54.4-0ubuntu1~24.04.4) ... Setting up gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:amd64 (1.24.2-1ubuntu1.8) ... Setting up libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0:amd64 (2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ... Setting up libyelp0:amd64 (42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ... Setting up yelp (42.2-1ubuntu0.24.04.2) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.31) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.27-2build1) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Setting up docbook-xml (4.5-12) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.9) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.9) ... Setting up libgtk-4-1:amd64 (4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10) ... Setting up libgtk-4-bin (4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10) ... Setting up libgtksourceview-5-0:amd64 (5.12.0-1build1) ... Setting up libadwaita-1-0:amd64 (1.5.0-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up libgtk-4-media-gstreamer (4.14.5+ds-0ubuntu0.10) ... Setting up gnome-calculator (1:46.3-0ubuntu0.1) ... Processing triggers for dictionaries-common (1.29.7) ... debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend will not work on a dumb terminal, an emacs shell buffer, or without a controlling terminal.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-common]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-variant_0]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-variant_1]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-variant_2]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en-wo_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_AU-variant_0]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_AU-variant_1]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_AU-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_AU-wo_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_CA-variant_0]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_CA-variant_1]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_CA-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_CA-wo_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-ise-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-ise-wo_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-ize-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-ize-wo_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-variant_0]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_GB-variant_1]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_US-w_accents-only]. aspell-autobuildhash: processing: en [en_US-wo_accents-only]. Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.31) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.9) ... Scanning processes... No services need to be restarted. No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries. No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
sudo snap install gnome-calculatorgnome-calculator 48.1 from Canonical✓ installed
sudo flatpak install -y flathub org.gnome.CalculatorLooking for matches… org.gnome.Calculator permissions: ipc network fallback-x11 wayland dri ID Branch Op Remote Download 1. org.gnome.Calculator.Locale stable i flathub < 1.7 MB 2. org.gnome.Calculator stable i flathub < 2.0 MB Installing 2/2… ████████████████████ 100% 1.1 MB/s
Measured on the disk, the calculator added 225 megabytes with apt, 4 as a snap, and 17 with Flatpak. So sharing only helps when apps use the same pieces.
Round 3: The sandbox
Round three: the sandbox. An app from apt runs with all of Ana's permissions. It can read every file she can, including the hidden files in her home folder, where programs keep settings and saved logins. A sandbox is a fence around the app. It can reach what it's allowed to, like Ana's Pictures folder, and nothing else.
Let's test GIMP's snap. As Ana, ls lists her Pictures, and head prints the first line of a hidden settings file, dot bashrc. Now the same two commands inside GIMP's sandbox. Pictures: still there. The hidden file: Permission denied. Snap's home permission covers only files that aren't hidden.
ls ~/Pictures; head -1 ~/.bashrcbeach.jpg # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
snap run --shell gimp -c 'ls ~/Pictures; head -1 ~/.bashrc'beach.jpg head: cannot open '/home/ana/.bashrc' for reading: Permission denied
snap connections lists the permissions the app asks for, called interfaces. home and network are connected. removable media, for USB drives, is not: Ana would have to connect it herself.
snap connections gimpInterface Plug Slot Notes alsa gimp:alsa - - content gimp:gimp-plugins - - content[gnome-46-2404] gimp:gnome-46-2404 gnome-46-2404:gnome-46-2404 - content[gpu-2404] gimp:gpu-2404 mesa-2404:gpu-2404 - content[gtk-3-themes] gimp:gtk-3-themes gtk-common-themes:gtk-3-themes - content[icon-themes] gimp:icon-themes gtk-common-themes:icon-themes - content gimp:npu-libs - - content[sound-themes] gimp:sound-themes gtk-common-themes:sound-themes - cups gimp:cups - - custom-device gimp:intel-npu - - dbus - gimp:dbus-gimp - desktop gimp:desktop :desktop - desktop-legacy gimp:desktop-legacy :desktop-legacy - gsettings gimp:gsettings :gsettings - home gimp:home :home - network gimp:network :network - opengl gimp:opengl :opengl - personal-files gimp:gimp-config :personal-files - removable-media gimp:removable-media - - wayland gimp:wayland :wayland - x11 gimp:x11 :x11 -
Flatpak's sandbox starts closed: no files from Ana's home, no network. Each app lists the permissions it needs, and Flatpak grants them when it's installed. So the fence is only as tight as that list. And GIMP's list asks for a lot.
flatpak info shows it. GIMP asks for host: the whole file system. So inside its Flatpak sandbox, the hidden file opens. Ana can tighten that with flatpak override, taking away host. Same command: No such file or directory. Now GIMP can't even see it.
flatpak info --show-permissions org.gimp.GIMP[Context] shared=network;ipc; sockets=wayland;fallback-x11; devices=all; filesystems=xdg-config/GIMP:create;xdg-config/gtk-3.0:ro;/tmp;xdg-run/gvfsd;host;xdg-run/gvfs; unset-environment=GTK_MODULES; [Session Bus Policy] com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar=talk org.kde.kwin.Screenshot=talk org.gtk.vfs.*=talk org.gnome.Shell.Screenshot=talk org.freedesktop.FileManager1=talk [Environment] GTK_MODULES=
flatpak run --command=head org.gimp.GIMP -1 ~/.bashrc# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
flatpak override --user --nofilesystem=host org.gimp.GIMP
flatpak run --command=head org.gimp.GIMP -1 ~/.bashrchead: cannot open '/home/ana/.bashrc' for reading: No such file or directory
So: apt has no sandbox. You're trusting the app, and the archive it came from. Snap and Flatpak win this round, with one catch: check what each app is allowed to do.
Round 4: Updates
Round four: updates. On Ubuntu, apt installs security fixes by itself, once a day. Other updates wait until Ana runs sudo apt upgrade, or accepts them in Software Updater. Snap updates itself: it checks four times a day, and keeps the previous version, so snap revert can undo a bad update. Flatpak updates when Ana runs flatpak update, or when her app store does it for her.
Here's each one on Ana's laptop. The apt setting: unattended upgrade, one, meaning every day. Snap's timer: midnight to midnight, four times. And flatpak update, run by hand, finds nothing to do yet.
cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgradesAPT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1"; APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
snap refresh --timetimer: 00:00~24:00/4 last: n/a hold: tomorrow at 01:40 UTC next: today at 23:41 UTC (but held)
sudo flatpak updateLooking for updates… Nothing to do.
Which one to use
One more thing beginners trip over. On Ubuntu, some apt packages are really snaps. apt show firefox: a transitional package, a small placeholder. Install it with apt, and it installs the Firefox snap for you.
apt show firefoxPackage: firefox Version: 1:1snap1-0ubuntu5 Priority: optional Section: web Origin: Ubuntu Maintainer: Ubuntu Mozilla Team <ubuntu-mozillateam@lists.ubuntu.com> Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Installed-Size: 124 kB Provides: gnome-www-browser, iceweasel, www-browser, x-www-browser Pre-Depends: debconf, snapd (>= 2.54) Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0 Breaks: firefox-dbg (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-dev (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-geckodriver (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-mozsymbols (<< 1:1snap1) Replaces: firefox-dbg (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-dev (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-geckodriver (<< 1:1snap1), firefox-mozsymbols (<< 1:1snap1) Task: ubuntu-desktop-minimal, ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, xubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, ubuntustudio-desktop, ubuntukylin-desktop, ubuntukylin-desktop, ubuntukylin-desktop-minimal, ubuntu-mate-core, ubuntu-mate-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop-minimal, ubuntu-budgie-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop-raspi, ubuntu-unity-live, edubuntu-desktop-gnome-minimal, edubuntu-desktop-gnome, edubuntu-desktop-gnome-raspi, ubuntucinnamon-desktop-minimal, ubuntucinnamon-desktop Download-Size: 77.3 kB APT-Sources: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages Description: Transitional package - firefox -> firefox snap This is a transitional dummy package. It can safely be removed. . firefox is now replaced by the firefox snap.
So here's a simple rule. For the system itself and command-line tools, like the ones in this series, use apt. For a desktop app you want new, use the version its developers publish: as a snap, or from Flathub. On Ubuntu, Snap is built in, and Flatpak is one install away. Check who publishes the app, keep one copy of each, and remove the ones you don't use.
Recap
So, apt installs Ubuntu's own packages: tested together, small, and older. Snap installs the developers' bundle from the Snap Store: sandboxed, and it updates itself. Flatpak installs apps on shared runtimes from Flathub, sandboxed by each app's own list. Bigger on disk for the first app, and usually newer.
Which apps do you install as a snap or from Flathub, and why? Tell me in the comments.
Sources
Demos: real installs on one test machine (an Ubuntu 24.04 container). Watch the full video on YouTube.
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